| Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Action |
Innervation |
| abductor digiti minimi (foot) |
Med and lat processes of post calcaneal tuberosity |
Lat side of base of prox phalanx of 5th toe and 5th MT |
Flexes and abducts 5th toe. Supports lat longitudinal arch |
Lat plantar (S2,3) |
| abductor digiti minimi (hand) |
Pisiform bone, pisohamate ligament and flexor retinaculum |
Lat side of base of prox phalanx of 5th toe and 5th MT |
Flexes and abducts 5th toe. Supports lat longitudinal arch |
Lat plantar (S2,3) |
| abductor hallucis |
Med process of post calcaneal tuberosity & flexor retinaculum |
Med aspect of base of prox phalanx of big toe via med sesamoid |
Flexes & abducts big toe. Supports med longitudinal arch |
Med plantar N (S1,2) |
| abductor pollicis brevis |
Tubercle of scaphoid & flexor retinaculum |
Radial sesamoid of prox phalanx of thumb & tendon of extensor pollicis longus |
Abducts thumb at MCP & CMC jnts |
Recurrent (muscular) br of median N (C8, T1) occasionally by ulnar N |
| abductor pollicis longus |
Upper post surface of ulna & middle third of post surface of radius & interosseous membrane between |
Over tendons of radial extensors & brachioradialis to base of 1st MC & trapezium |
Abducts & extends thumb at CMC jnt |
Post interosseous N (C6, 7) |
| adductor brevis |
Inf ramus & body of pubis |
Upper third of linea aspera |
Adducts hip |
Ant div of obturator N (L2, 3) |
| adductor hallucis |
Oblique head: base of 2, 3, 4 MTs. Transverse head: plantar MT ligs & deep transverse lig |
Lat side of base of prox phalanx of big toe & lat sesamoid. |
Adducts & flexes MTP jnt of big toe. Supports transverse arch |
Deep br of lat plantar N(S2, 3) |
| adductor longus |
Body of pubis inf & med to pubic tubercle |
Lower two thirds of med linea aspera |
Adducts & med rotates hip |
Ant div of obturator N (L2, 3) |
| adductor magnus |
Adductor portion: ischiopubic ramus. Hamstring portion: lower outer quadrant of post surface of ischial tuberosity |
Adductor portion: lower gluteal line and linea aspera. Hamstring portion: adductor tubercle |
Adductor portion: adducts and med rotates hip. Hamstring portion: extends hip |
Adductor portion: post div of obturator N (L2-4). Hamstring portion: tibial portion of sciatic (L4-S3) |
| adductor pollicis |
Oblique head: base of 2nd and 3rd MCs, trapezoid and capitate. Transverse head: palmar border and shaft of 3rd MC |
Ulnar sesamoid then ulnar side of base of prox phalanx and tendon of extensor pollicis longus |
Adducts CMC jnt of thumb |
Deep br of ulnar N (T1) |
| anconeus |
Smooth surface at lower extremity of post aspect of lat epicondyle of humerus |
Lat side of olecranon |
Weak extensor of elbow. Moves (abducts) ulna in pronation |
Radial N (C7, 8) |
| articularis cubiti |
Deep distal surface of med head of triceps |
Post capsule of elbow joint |
Lifts capsule away from joint |
Radial (C6, 7 , 8) |
| articularis genu |
Two slips from ant femur below vastus intermedius |
Apex of suprapatellar bursa |
Retracts bursa as knee extends |
Post div of femoral N (L3, 4) |
| aryepiglotticus |
Apex of arytenoid cartilage |
Lat border of epiglottis |
Aids closure of additus of larynx |
Recurrent laryngeal br of vagus N (X) |
| auricularis |
Cartilage of auricle |
Galeal aponeurosis |
Adjusts position of ear |
Temporal br of facial N (VII) |
| biceps brachii |
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: coracoid process of scapula with coracobrachialis |
Post border of bicipital tuberosity of radius (over bursa) and bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia and subcutaneous ulna |
Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder |
Musculocutaneous N (C5, 6) (from lat cord) |
| biceps femoris |
Long head: upper inner quadrant of post surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head:middle third of linea aspera, lat supracondylar ridge of femur |
Styloid process of head of fibula. lat collateral lig and lat tibial condyle |
Flexes and lat rotates knee. Long head extends hip |
Long head: tibial portion of sciatic N. Short head: common peroneal portion of sciatic N (both L5, S1) |
| brachialis |
Ant lower half of humerus and med and lat intermuscular septa |
Coranoid process and tuberosity of ulna |
Flexes elbow |
Musculocutaneous N (C5, 6) ( from lat cord). Also small supply from radial N (C7) |
| brachioradialis |
Upper two thirds of lat supracondylar ridge of humerus and lat intermuscular septum |
Base of styloid process of radius |
Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone position |
Radial N (C5, 6) |
| buccinator |
Ext alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible by molar teeth, to maxillary tubercle and pterygoid hamulus
and post mylohyoid line respectively, then via pterygomandibular raphe between bones |
Decussates at modiolus of mouth and interdigitates with opposite side |
Aids mastication, tenses cheeks in blowing and whistling, aids closure of mouth |
Buccal br of facial N (VII) |
| bulbospongiosus |
Perineal body (and midline raphe over corpus spongiosum in male) |
Superficial perineal membrane and dorsal penile/clitoral aponeurosis |
Male:aids emptying of urine and ejaculate from urethra. Female: closes vaginal introitus |
Perineal br of pudendal N (S2, 3, 4) |
| constrictor of pharynx -inferior |
Cricopharyngeus: lat aspect of arch of cricoid cartilage. Thyropharyngeus: oblique line of laminar of thyroid cartilage and fibrous cricothyroid arch |
Cricopharyngeus: continuous with muscle of opposite side, behind pharynx. Thyropharyngeus : lower pharyngeal raphe |
Aids swallowing. Cricopharyngeus acts as upper oesophageal sphincter |
Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal br of X with its motor fibres from cranial accessory (XI) |
| constrictor of pharynx -middle |
Lower third of stylohyoid lig, lesser cornu and sup border of greater cornu of hyoid bone |
Middle portion of pharyngeal raphe |
Aids swallowing |
Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal br of X with its motor fibres from cranial accessory N (XI) |
| constrictor of pharynx -superior |
Lower
two thirds of med pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe and post end of mylohyoid line on mandible |
Upper midline pharyngeal raphe and pharyngeal tubercle of clivus of occiput |
Aids swallowing |
Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal br of X with its motor fibres from cranial accessory (XI) |
| coracobrachialis |
Coracoid process of scapula with biceps brachii |
Upper half med border of humerus |
Flexes and weakly adducts arm |
Musculocutaneous N (C5, 6, 7)(from lat cord) |
| corrugator supercilii |
Med superciliary arch |
Skin of med forehead |
Wrinkles forehead |
Temporal br of facial N (VII) |
| cremaster |
Lower border of internal oblique and transversus abdominis in inguinal canal |
Loops around spermatic cord and tunica vaginalis and some fibres return to attach to public tubercle |
Retracts testis |
Genital br (L2) of genitofemoral N (L1, 2) |
| cricothyroid |
Anterolateral aspect of cricoid cartilage |
Inf cornu and lower laminar of thyroid cartilage |
Lengthens and tenses vocal cords by tilting thyroid cartilage forwards |
Ext br of sup laryngeal br of vagus N (X) |
| dartos |
Subcutaneous tissue of scrotum, superficial to superficial fascia(Colles) |
Skin and midline fibrous septum of scrotum |
Corrugates scrotal skin |
Sympathetic fibres from genital br (L2) of genitofemoral N (L1, 2) |
| deep transverse perinei |
Med aspect of ischiopubic ramus and body of ischium |
Midline raphe and perineal body |
Fixes perineal body and supports pelvic viscera |
Perineal br of pudendal N (S2, 3, 4) |
| deltoid |
Lat third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle |
Middle of lat surface of humerus (deltoid tuberosity) |
Abducts arm, ant fibres flex and med rotate, post fibres extend and lat rotate |
Axillary N (C5, 6) (from post cord) |
| depressor anguli oris |
Outer surface of mandible post to oblique line |
Modiolus at angle of mouth |
Depresses and draws angle of mouth laterally |
Mandibular br of facial N (VII) |
| depressor labii inferioris |
Outer surface of mandible along oblique line |
Skin of lower lip |
Depresses and draws lower lip laterally |
Mandibular br of facial N (VII) |
| diaphragm |
Vertebral:crura from bodies of L1, 2 (left), L1-3(right). Costal: med and lat arcuate ligs, inner aspect of lower six
ribs . Sternal: two slips from post aspect of xiphoid |
Trefoil central tendon |
Inspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure |
Phrenic N (motor) (C3, 4, 5). Sensory: phrenic, intercostals(6-12) and upper two lumbar N roots |
| digastric |
Ant belly: digatric fossa on post surface of symphysis menti. Post belly: base of med aspect of mastoid process |
Fibrous loop to lesser cornu of hyoid bone |
Elevates hyoid bone. Aids swallowing and depresses mandible |
Ant belly: mylohyoid N (Vc). Post belly: facial N (VII) |
| erector spinae - spinalis |
Spinous processes |
Spinous processes six levels above |
Lat flexion of apine |
Post primary rami |
| erector spinae - iliocostalis |
Post angles of ribs |
Transverse processes above and below |
Extends and lat flexes spine |
Post primary rami |
| erector spinae - longissimus |
Transverse processes |
Transverse processes sveral levels above |
Extends spine |
Post primary rami |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis |
Common extensor origin on ant aspect of lat epicondyle of humerus |
Post base of 3rd MC |
Extends and abducts hand at wrist |
Post interosseous N (C7, 8) |
| extensor carpi radialis longus |
Lower third of lat supracondylar ridge of humerus and lat intermuscular septum |
Post base of 2nd MC |
Extends and abducts hand at wrist |
Radial N (C6, 7) |
| extensor carpi ulnaris |
Common extensor origin on ant aspect of lat epicondyle of humerus |
Base of 5th MC via groove by ulnar styloid |
Extends and adducts hand at wrist |
Post interosseous |
| extensor digiti minimi (hand) |
Common extensor origin on ant aspect of lat epicondyle of humerus |
Extensor expansion of little finger-usually two tendons which are joined by a slip from extensor digitorum
at MCP jnt |
Extends all jnts of little finger |
Post interosseous N (C7, 8) |
| extensor digitorum (hand) |
Common extensor origin on ant aspect of lat epicondyle of humerus |
Ext expansion to middle and distal phalanges by four tendons. Tendons 3 and 4 usually fuse and little finger just receives a slip |
Extends all jnts of fingers |
Post interosseous N (C7, 8) |
| extensor digitorum brevis (foot) |
Sup surface of ant calcaneus |
Four tendons into prox phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to toes 2, 3 and 4 |
Extends toes when foot fully dorsiflexed |
Deep peroneal N (L5, S1) |
| extensor digitorum longus (foot) |
Upper two thirds of ant shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane and sup tibiofibular jnt |
Extensor expansion of lat four toes |
Extends toes and extends foot at ankle |
Deep peroneal N (L5, S1) |
| extensor hallucis longus |
Middle half of ant shaft of fibula |
Base of distal phalanx of great toe |
Extends big toe and foot. Inverts foot and tightens subtalar jnts |
Deep peroneal N (L5, S1) |
| extensor indicis |
Lower post shaft of ulna (below extensor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membrane |
Extensor expansion of index finger (tendon lies on ulnar side of extensor digitorum tendon) |
Extends all jnts of index finger |
Post interosseous N (C7, 8) |
| extensor pollicis brevis |
Lower third of post shaft of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane |
Over tendons of radial extensors and brachioradialis to base of prox phalanx of thumb |
Extends MCP jnt of thumb |
Post interosseous N (C7, 8) |
| extensor pollicis longus |
Middle third of post ulna (below abductor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membrane |
Base of distal phalanx of thumb via Lister's tubercle (dorsal tubercle of radius). |
Extends IP and MCP jnts of thumb |
Post interosseous N (C7 , 8 ) |
| external oblique abdominis |
Ant angles of lower eight ribs |
Outer ant half of iliac crest, inguinal lig, public tubercle and crest, and aponeurosis of ant rectus
sheath |
Supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids raising intraabdominaol pressure and, with muscles of opposite
side, abducts and rotates trunk |
Ant primary rami(T7-12) |
| flexor
carpi radialis |
Common
flexor origin of med epicondyle of
humerus |
Bases
of 2nd and 3rd MCs via groove in
trapezium and slip to scaphoid |
Flexes
and abducts wrist |
Median
N (C6, 7) (from med and lat cords) |
| flexor
carpi ulnaris |
Humeral
head: common flexor origin of med
epicondyle. Ulnar head: aponeurosis from med olecranon and upper
three quarters subcutaneous border of ulna |
Pisiform,
hook of hamate, base of 5th MC via
pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligs |
Flexes
and adducts wrist. Fixes pisiform
during action of hypothenar muscles |
Ulnar
N (C6, 7) (by communication from lat cord) |
| flexor
digiti minimi brevis (foot) |
Base
of 5th MT and sheath of peroneus
longus |
Lat
side of base of prox phalanx of little
toe |
Flexes
MTP jnt of little toe |
Superficial
br of lat plantar N (S2, 3) |
| flexor
digiti minimi brevis (hand) |
Flexor
retinaculum and hook of hamate |
Ulnar
side of base of prox phalanx of little
finger |
Flexes
MCP jnt of little finger |
Deep
br of ulnar N (C8, T1) |
| flexor
digitorum brevis |
Med
process of post calcaneal tuberosity |
Four
tendons to four lat toes to borders
of middle phalanx.Tendons of flexor digitorum longus pass through
them |
Flexes
lat four toes, Supports med and lat
longitudinal arches |
Med
plantar N (S1, 2) |
| flexor
digitorum longus (foot) |
Post
shaft of tibia below soleal line
and by broad aponeurosis from fibula |
Base
of distal phalanges of lat four toes |
Flexes
distal phalanges of lat four toes
and foot at ankle. Supports lat longitudinal arch |
Tibial
N (S1, 2) |
| flexor
digitorum profundus |
Med
olecranon, upper three quarters of
ant and med surface of ulna as far round as subcutaneous border
and narrow strip of interosseous membrane |
Distal
phalanges of med four fingers. Tendon
to index finger separates early |
Flexes
distal IP jnts, then secondarily
flexes prox IP and MCP jnts and wrist |
Median
N (ant interosseous) (C6, 7)/ulnar N (C7, 8) |
| flexor
digitorum superficialis |
Humeral
head: common flexor origin of med
epicondyle humerus, med lig of elbow. Ulnar head: sublime tubercle
(med border of coronoid process) and fibrous arch. Radial head:
whole length of ant oblique line |
Tendons
split to insert onto sides of middle
phalanges of med four fingers |
Flexes
prox IP jnts and secondarily MCP
jnts and wrist |
Median
N (C7, 8) (from med and lat cords) |
| flexor
hallucis brevis |
Cuboid,
lat cuneiform and tibialis posterior
insertion over the two remaining cuneiforms |
Med
tendon to med side of base of prox
phalanx of big toe. Lat tendon to lat side of same, both via
sesamoids |
Flexes
MTP jnt of big toe. Supports med
longitudinal arch |
Med
plantar N (S2, 3) |
| flexor
hallucis longus |
Lower
two thirds of post fibula between
median crest and post border, lower intermuscular septum and
aponeurosis of flexor digitorum longus |
Base
of distal phalanx of big toe and
slips to med two tendons of flexor digitorum longus |
Flexes
distal phalanx of big toe, flexes
foot at ankle, supports med logitudinal arch |
Tibial
N (S2, 3) |
| flexor
pollicis brevis |
Flexor
retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium |
Base
of prox phalanx of thumb (via radial
sesamoid) |
Flexes
MCP jnt of thumb |
Recurrent
(muscular) br of median N (C8, T1) (may also be from deep br
of ulnar N (T1)) |
| flexor
pollicis longus |
Ant
surface of radius below ant oblique
line and adjacent interosseous membrane |
Base
of distal phalanx of thumb |
Flexes
distal phalanx of thumb |
Ant
interosseous N (C7, 8) |
| frontalis |
Occipital
: highest nuchal line and mastoid
process. Frontal: sup fibres of upper facial muscles |
Galeal
aponeurosis |
Wrinkles
forehead and fixes galeal aponeurosis |
Post
auricular and temporal brs of facial (VII) |
| gastrocnemius |
Lat
head: post surface of lat condyle
of femur and highest of three facets on lat condyle. Med head:
post surface of femur above med condyle |
Tendo
calcaneus to middle of three facets
on post aspect of calcaneus |
Plantar
flexes foot. Flexes knee |
Tibial
N (S1, 2) |
| gemellus
inferior |
Upper
border of ischial tuberosity |
Middle
part of med aspect of greater trochanter
of femur |
Lat
rotates and stabilises hip |
N
to quadratus femoris (L4, 5, S1) |
| gemellus
superior |
Spine
of ischium |
Middle
part of med aspect of greater trochanter
of femur |
Lat
rotates and stabilises hip |
N
to obturator internus (L5, S1, 2) |
| genioglossus |
Sup
mental spine on post surface of symphysis
menti |
Central
mass of tongue and mucous membrane |
Protracts
tongue |
Hypoglossal
N (XII) |
| geniohyoid |
Inf
mental spine on post surface of symphysis
menti |
Sup
border of body of hyoid bone |
Elevates
and protracts hyoid bone. Depresses
mandible |
C1
fibres carried by hypoglossal N (XII) |
| gluteus
maximus |
Outer
surface of ilium behind post gluteal
line and post third of iliac crest lumbar fascia, lat mass of
sacrum, sacrotuberous lig and coccyx |
Deepest
quarter into gluteal tuberosity of
femur, remaining three quarters into iliotibial tract (ant surface
of lat condyle of tibia) |
Extends
and lat rotates hip. Maintain knee
extended via iliotibial tract |
Inf
gluteal N (L5, S1,2) |
| gluteus
medius |
Outer
surface of ilium between post and
middle gluteal lines |
Posterolateral
surface of greater trocanter of femur |
Abducts
and med rotates hip. Tilts pelvis
on walking |
Sup
gluteal N (L4,5,S1) |
| gluteus
minimus |
Outer
surface of ilium between middle and
inf gluteal lines |
Ant
surface of greater trochanter of
femur |
Abducts
and med rotates hip. Tilts pelvis
on walking. |
Sup
gluteal N (L4, 5, S1) |
| gracilis |
Outer
surface of ischiopubic ramus |
Upper
med shaft of tibia below sartorius |
Adducts
hip. Flexes knee and med rotates
flexed knee |
Ant
div of obturator N (L2, 3) |
| hyoglossus |
Sup
border of greater cornu of hyoid
bone |
Lat
sides of tongue |
Depresses
tongue |
Hypoglossal
N (XII) |
| iliacus |
Iliac
fossa within abdomen |
Lowermost
surface of lesser trochanter of femur |
Flexes
med rotates hip |
Femoral
N in abdomen (L2,3) |
| inferior
oblique |
Orbital
surface of maxilla behind orbital
margin |
Post/inf
quadrant of sclera behind equator
of eyeball |
Elevates
eye in adduction. Extorts eye in
abduction |
Inf
div of oculomotor N (III) |
| inferior
rectus |
Inf
tendinous ring within orbit |
Inf
sclera ant to equator of eyeball |
Depresses
eye. Extorts eye in adduction |
Inf
div of oculomotor N (III) |
| infraspinatus |
Med
three quarters of infraspinous fossa
of scapula and fibrous intermuscular septa |
Middle
facet of greater tuberosity of humerus
and capsule of shoulder jnt |
Lat
rotates arm and stabilises shoulder
jnt |
Suprascapular
N (C5, 6 ) (from upper trunk) |
| intercostals
external |
Inf
border of ribs as far back as post
angles |
Sup
border of ribs below, passing obliquely
downwards and backwards |
Fix
intercostal spaces during respiration.
Aids forced inspiration by elevating ribs |
Muscular
collateral brs of intercostal Ns |
| intercostals
innermost |
Int
aspect of ribs above and below |
Int
aspect of ribs above and below |
Fix
intercostal spaces during respiration |
Muscular
collateral brs of intercostal Ns |
| intercostals
internal |
Inf
border of ribs as far back as post
angles |
Sup
border of ribs below , passing obliquely
downwards and backwards |
Fix
intercostal spaces during espiration.
Aids forced inspiration by elevating ribs |
Muscular
collateral brs of intercostal Ns |
| internal
oblique abdominis |
Lumbar
fascia, ant two thirds of iliac crest
and lat two thirds of inguinal lig |
Costal
margin, aponeurosis of rectus sheath
(ant and post ), conjoint tendon to public crest and pectineal
line |
Supports
abdominal wall, assists forced respiration,
aids raising intraabdominal pressure & , with muscles of
other side , abducts and rotates trunk. Conjoint tendon supports
post wall of inguinal canal |
Ant
primary rami (T7-12) (conjoint tendon ilioinguinal N (L1)) |
| interossei
- dorsal of hand |
Bipennate
from inner aspects of shafts of all
MCs |
Prox
phalanges and dorsal extensor expansion
on radial side of index and middle fingers and ulnar side of
middle and ring fingers |
Abduct
from axis of middle finger. Flex
MCP jnt whilst extending IP jnts |
Deep
br of ulnar N (T1) |
| interossei
-dorsal of foot |
Bipennate
from inner aspects of shafts of all
MTs |
Bases
of prox phalanges and dorsal extensor
expansions of med side of 2nd toe and lat sides of 2nd , 3rd,and
4th toes |
Abduct
2nd , 3rd and 4th toes from axis
of 2nd toe. Assist lumbricals in extending IP jnts whilst flexing
MTP jnts |
Lat
plantar N (1-3: deep br; 4: superficial br) (S2, 3) |
| interossei-
palmar of hand |
Ant
shafts of 1, 2, 4, 5 MCs (unipennate) |
Prox
phalanges and dorsal extensor expansion
on ulnar side of index and radial side of ring and little fingers
and to ulnar sesamoid of thumb |
Adduct
to axis of middle finger. Flex MCP
jnt whilst extending IP jnts |
Deep
br of ulnar N (T1) |
| interossei
- plantar of foot |
Inferomedial
shafts of 3rd , 4th and 5th MTs (single
heads) |
Med
sides of bases of prox phalanges
with slips to dorsal extensor expansions of 3rd, 4th and 5th
toes |
Adduct
3rd 4th and 5th toes to axis of 2nd
toe, Assist lumbricals in extending IP jnts whilst flexing MTP
jnts |
Deep
br of lat plantar N (S2,3) |
| interspinales |
Spinous
processes |
Spinous
processes one above |
Extension
of spine |
Post
primary rami |
| intertransversarii |
Transverse
processes |
Transverse
processes one above |
Lat
flexes spine |
Post
primary rami |
| intrinsic
muscles of tongue |
Sup
and inf longitudinal, transverse
and vertical elements |
Mucous
membrane, septum and other muscles
of tongue |
Alter
shape of tongue and so aid mastication,
speech and swallowing |
Hypoglossal
N (XII) |
| ishiocavernosus |
Med
aspect of ischium and ischiopublic
ramus |
Inferolateral
aponeurosis over crura of penis /clitoris |
Stabilises
erect penis |
Perineal
br of pudendal N (S2, 3, 4 ) |
| lateral
cricoarytenoid |
Lat
aspect of arch of cricoid |
Muscular
process of arytenoid cartilage |
Adducts
and med rotates arytenoid cartilage
(closes rima glottidis) |
Recurrent
laryngeal br of vagus N (X) |
| lateral
pterygoid |
Upper
head: infratemporal surface of sphenoid
bone. Lower head: lat surface of lat pterygoid plate |
Pterygoid
fovea below condyloid process of
mandible and intra-articular cartilage of temporomandibular
jnt |
Depresses
and protracts mandible to open mouth.
Pulls forward cartilage of jnt during opening of mouth |
Ns
to lat pterygoid (ant div of mandibular N (Vc)) |
| lateral
rectus |
Lat
tendinous ring within orbit |
Lat
sclera ant to equator of eyeball |
Abducts
eye |
Abducent
N (VI) |
| latissimus
dorsi |
Spine
T7, spinous processes and supraspinous
ligs of all lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lumbar
fascia, post third iliac crest, last four ribs (interdigitating
with ext oblique abdominis ) and inf angle of scapula |
Floor
of bicipital groove of humerus after
spiraling around teres major |
Extends,
adducts and med rotates arm. Costal
attachment helps with deep inspiration and forced expiration |
Thoracodorsal
N (C6, 7, 8) (from post cord) |
| levator
anguli oris |
Ant
surface of maxilla below infraorbital
foramen |
Outer
end of upper lip and modiolus |
Elevates
angle of mouth |
Buccal
br of facial N (VII) |
| levator
ani-coccygeus |
Sacrospinous
lig |
Anococcygeal
body and coccyx |
Supports
pelvic viscera |
Ant
primary rami (perineal brs) of S4, 5 |
| levator
ani - iliococcygeus |
Post
half of fascial line over obturator
internus and ischial spine |
Anococcygeal
body |
Supports
pelvic viscera |
Ant
primary rami (perineal brs) of S3, 4 |
| levator
ani-pubococcygeus |
Post
surface of pubis and ant half of
fascial line over obturator internus |
Anococcygeal
body |
Supports
pelvic viscera |
Ant
primary rami (perineal brs) of S3, 4 |
| levator
ani-puborectalis |
Post
surface of pubis |
Midline
sling post to rectum |
Supports
and aids continence of rectum by
maintaining anorectal angle |
Ant
primary rami (perineal brs) of S3, 4 |
| levator
ani-pubovaginalis |
Post
surface of pubis |
Midline
raphe post to vagina /prostate |
Supports
ant pelvic viscera |
Ant
primary rami (perineal brs) of S3, 4 |
| levator
labii superioris |
Med
infra-orbital margin |
Skin
and muscle of upper lip |
Elevates
and everts upper lip |
Buccal
br of facial N (VII) |
| levator
labii superioris |
Upper
frontal process of maxilla |
Skin
of lat nostril and upper lip |
Dilates
nostril and elevates upper lip |
Buccal
br of facial N (VII) |
| alaeque
nasi |
Upper
frontal process of maxilla |
Skin
of lat nostril and upper lip |
Dilates
nostril and elevates upper lip |
Buccal
br of facial N (VII) |
| levator
palpebrae superioris |
Inf
aspect of lesser wing of sphenoid
bone |
Sup
tarsal plate and skin of upper eyelid |
Elevates
and retracts upper eyelid |
Sup
div of oculomotor N (III) and sympathetic to smooth muscle portion |
| levator
scapulae |
Post
tubercles of transverse processes
of C1-4 |
Upper
part of med border of scapula |
Raises
med border of scapula |
Ant
primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular N (C5) |
| levator
veli palatini |
Apex
of inf surface of petrous temporal
bone and med rim of auditory tube |
Palatine
aponeurosis |
Elevates,
retracts and lat deviates soft palate.
May open auditory tube on swallowing |
Pharyngeal
br of vagus N (X) with its motor fibres from cranial accessory
N (XI) |
| levatores
costarum |
Transverse
processes C7 to T11 |
Post
surface and angle of rib below |
Elevates
ribs |
Post
primary rami |
| longus
capitis |
Ant
tubercles of transverse proceses
of C3-6 |
Ant
basilar occipital bone |
Flexes
of cervical spine and atlantooccipital
jnt |
Ant
primary rami of C1-3 |
| longus
colli |
Ant
body of T1-3, ant tubercles of transverse
processes of C3-7. |
Ant
arch of atlas (C1) and bodies of
C2-4 |
Flexes
and rotates cervical spine |
Ant
primary rami of C2-6 |
| lumbricals
of foot |
Lat
3: bipennate origin from cleft between
the four tendons of flexor digitorum longus . Med 1: unipennate
origin from med aspect of 1st tendon |
Dorsal
extensor expansion |
Extend
toes at IP jnts and flex MTP jnts |
First:
med plantar N (L4,5). 2-4: deep br of lat plantar N (S2,3) |
| lumbricals
of hand |
Four
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus.
Radial 2: radial side only (unipennate). Ulnar 2: cleft between
tendons( bipennate) |
Extensor
expansion (dorsum of prox phalanx
) of fingers 2-5 radial side |
Flex
MCP jnts and extend IP jnts of fingers |
Lat
2: median N (C8, T1). Med 2: deep br of ulnar N (C8, T1) |
| masseter |
Ant
two thirds of zygomatic arch and
zygomatic proces of maxilla |
Lat
surface of angle and lower ramus
of mandible |
Elevates
mandible (enables forced closure
of mouth) |
Ant
div of mandibular N (Vc) |
| medial
pterygoid |
Deep
head. Med side of lat pterygoid plate
and fossa between med and lat plates . Superficial head : Tuberosity
of maxilla and pyramidal process of palatine bone |
Med
aspect of angle of mandible |
Elevates,
protracts and lat displaces mandible
to opposite side for chewing |
N
to medial pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular N (Vc)) |
| medial
rectus |
Med
tendinous ring within orbit |
Med
sclera ant to equator of eyeball |
Adducts
eye |
Inf
div oculomotor N (III) |
| mentalis |
Incisive
fossa on ant aspect of mandible |
Skin
of chin |
Elevates
and wrinkles skin of chin and protrudes
lower lip |
Mandibular
br of facial N (VII) |
| m.
uvulae |
Post
border of hard palate |
Palatine
aponeurosis |
Shapes
uvula |
Pharyngeal
br of vagus N (X) with its motor fibres from cranial accessory
N (XI) |
| mylohyoid |
Mylohyoid
line on int aspect of mandible |
Ant
three quarters : midline raphe. Post
quarter: sup border of body of hyoid bone |
Elevates
hyoid bone, supports and raises floor
of mouth . Aids in mastication and swallowing |
Mylohyoid
N (Vc) |
| nasalis |
Frontal
process of maxilla |
Nasal
aponeurosis |
Opens
and closes nostrils , particulary
in forced respiration |
Part
of dilator nasalis is depressor septi from maxilla above central
incisor to inobile part of nasal septum |
| oblique
arytenoid |
Muscular
process of arytenoid cartilage |
Sup
pole of opposite arytenoid cartilage |
Adducts
arytenoid cartilages (closes rima
glottidis ) |
Recurrent
laryngeal br of vagus N (X) |
| obliquus
capitis inferior |
Spinous
process of axis (C2) |
Lat
mass of atlas (C1) |
Rotates
atlanto-axial jnt |
Suboccipital
N (post primary ramus of C1) |
| obliquus
capitis superior |
Lat
mass of atlas (C1) |
Lat
half inf nuchal line |
Lat
flexes atlanto-occipital jnt |
Suboccipital
N (post primary ramus of C1) |
| obturator
externus |
Outer
obturator membrane , rim of pubis
and ischium bordering it |
Trochanteric
fossa on med surface of greater trochanter |
Lat
rotates hip |
Post
div of obturator N (L2,3,4) |
| obturator
internus (A) |
Inner
surface of obturator membrane and
rim of pubis and ischium bordering membrane |
Middle
part of med aspect of greater trochanter
of femur |
Lat
rotates and stabilises hip |
N
to obturator internus (L5, S1,2) |
| omohyoid |
Suprascapular
lig and adjacent scapula |
Inf
border of body of hyoid bone |
Depresses
hyoid bone and hence larynx |
Ansa
cervicalis N (C1,2,3) |
| opponens
digiti minimi (hand) |
Flexor
retinaculum and hook of hamate |
Ulnar
border of shaft of 5th MC |
Opposes
(flexes and lat rotates) CMC and
MCP jnts of little finger |
Deep
br of ulnar N (C8, T1) |
| opponens
pollicis |
Flexor
retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium |
Whole
of radial border of 1st MC |
Opposes
(med rotates and flexes ) CMC and
MCP jnts of thumb |
Recurrent
(muscular) br of median N (C8,T1) (may also be from deep br
of ulnar N (T1)) |
| orbicularis
oculi |
Med
orbital margin and lacrimal sac(orbital,
palpebral and lacrimal parts) |
Lat
palpebral raphe |
Closes
eyelids, aids passage and drainage
of tears |
Temporal
and zygomatic brs of facial N (VII) |
| orbicularis
oris |
Near
midline on ant surface of maxilla
and mandible and modiolus at angle of mouth |
Mucous
membrane of margin of lips and raphe
with buccinator at modiolus |
Narrows
orifice of mouth, purses lips and
puckers lip edges |
Accessory
parts are incisivus labii superioris and inferioris |
| palatoglossus |
Palatine
aponeurosis |
Posterolateral
tongue |
Elevates
post tongue and closes oropharyngeal
isthmus and aids initiation of swallowing |
Pharyngeal
br of vagus N (X) with its motor fibres from cranial accessory
N (XI) |
| palatopharyngeus |
Palatine
aponeurosis and post margin of hard
palate |
Upper
border of thyroid cartilage and blends
with constrictor fibres. Upper fibres interdigitate with opposite
side (Passavant's ridge) |
Elevates
pharynx and larynx . Passavant's
muscle closes nasopharyngeal isthmus in swallowing |
Pharyngeal
br of vagus N (X) with its motor fibres from cranial accessory
N (XI) |
| palmaris
brevis |
Flexor
retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis |
Skin
of palm into dermis |
Steadies
and corrugates skin of palm to help
with grip |
Superficial
br of ulnar N (C8, T1) |
| palmaris
longus |
Common
flexor origin of med epicondyle of
humerus |
Flexor
retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis |
Flexes
wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis |
Median
N (C7, 8) (from med and lat cords) |
| pectineus |
Pectineal
line of pubis and narrow area of
sup pubic ramus below it |
A
verticle line between spiral line
and gluteal crest below lesser trochanter of femur |
Flexes,
adducts and med rotates hip |
Ant
div of femoral N (L2, 3). Occasional twig from obturator N (ant
div-L2,3) |
| pectoralis
major |
Clavicular
head-med half clavicle. Sternocostal
head -lat manubrium and sternum, six upper costal cartilages
and ext oblique aponeurosis |
Lat
lip of bicipital groove of humerus
and ant lip of deltoid tuberosity |
Clavicular
head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal
head: adducts and med rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration |
Med
pectoral N(from med cord) and lat pectoral N (from lat cord)
(C6, 7, 8) |
| pectoralis
minor |
3,
4,5 ribs |
Med
and upper surface of coracoid process
of scapula |
Elevates
ribs if scapula fixed, protracts
scapula (assists serratus ant ) |
Med
pectoral N (C8, T1) (from med cord) |
| peroneus
brevis |
Lower
two thirds lat shaft of fibula |
Tuberosity
of base of 5th MT |
Dorsiflexes
and everts foot . Supports lat longitudinal
arch |
Superficial
peroneal N (L5, S1) |
| peroneus
longus |
Upper
two thirds of lat shaft of fibula
, head of fibula and sup tibiofibular jnt |
Plantar
aspect of base of 1st MT and med
cuneiform , passing deep to long plantar lig |
Plantar
flexes and everts foot. Supports
lat longitudinal and transverse arches |
Superficial
peroneal N (L5,S1) |
| peroneus
tertius |
Third
quarter of ant shaft of fibula |
Shaft
and base of 5th MT |
Extends
and everts foot |
Deep
peroneal N (L5,S1) |
| piriformis
|
2,
3, 4 costotransverse bars of ant
sacrum, few fibres from sup border of greater sciatic notch |
Ant
part of med aspect of greater trochanter
of femur |
Lat
rotates and stabilises hip |
Ant
primary rami of S1, 2 |
| plantaris |
Lat
supracondylar ridge of femur above
lat head of gastrocnemius |
Tendo
calcaneus (med side , deep to gastrocnemius
tendon) |
Plantar
flexes foot and flexes knee |
Tibial
N (S1, 2) |
| platysma |
Skin
over lower neck and upper lat chest |
Inf
border of mandible and skin over
lower face and angle of mouth |
Depresses
and wrinkles skin of lower face and
mouth. Aids forced depression of mandible |
Cervical
br of facial N (VII) |
| popliteus |
Post
shaft of tibia above soleal line
and below tibial condyles |
Middle
of three facets on lat surface of
lat condyle of femur. Tendon passes into capsule of knee to
post part of lat meniscus |
Unlocks
extended knee by lat rotation of
femur on tibia. Pulls back lat meniscus |
Tibial
N (L5,S1) |
| posterior
cricoarytenoid |
Post
aspect of cricoid cartilage |
Muscular
process of arytenoid cartilage |
Abducts
and lat rotates arytenoid cartilage
(opens rima glottidis) |
Recurrent
laryngeal br of vagus N (X) |
| procerus |
Nasal
bone and cartilages |
Skin
of med forehead |
Wrinkles
and 'frowns' forehead |
Temporal
br of facial N (VII) |
| pronator
quadratus |
Lower
quarter of anteromedial shaft of
ulna |
Lower
quarter of anterolateral shaft of
radius and some interosseous membrane |
Pronates
forearm and maintains ulna and radius
opposed |
Ant
interosseous N (C8) |
| pronator
teres |
Humeral
head: med epicondyle, med supracondylar
ridge and med intermuscular septum. Ulnar head: med border of
coronoid process |
Just
post to most prominent part of lat
convexity of radius |
Pronates
forearm and flexes elbow |
Median
N (C6,7) (from lat and med cords) |
| psoas
major |
Transverse
processes of L1-5, bodies of T12-L5
and intervertebral discs below bodies of T12-L4 |
Middle
surface of lesser trochanter of femur |
Flexes
and med rotates hip |
Ant
primary rami of L1,2 |
| psoas
minor |
Bodies
of T12 and L1 and intervening intervertebral
disc |
Fascia
over psoas major and iliacus |
Weak
flexor of trunk |
Ant
primary rami of L1 |
| pyramidalis |
Pubic
crest ant to origin of rectus abdominis |
Lower
linea alba |
Reinforces
lower rectus sheath |
Subcostal
N (T12) |
| quadratus
femoris |
Lat
border of ischial tuberosity |
Quadrate
tubercle of femur and a vertical
line below this to the level of lesser trocanter |
Lat
rotates and stabilises hip |
N
to quadratus femoris (L4, 5, S1) |
| quadratus
lumborum |
Inf
border of 12th rib |
Apices
of transverse processes of L1-4,
iliolumbar lig and post third of iliac crest |
Fixes
12th rib during respiration and lat
flexes trunk |
Ant
primary rami (T12-L3) |
| quadratus
plantae |
Lateral
head-tuberosity of calcaneus, medial
head-medial side of calcaneus |
Lateral
border long flexor tendons |
Flexes
toes |
Lateral
plantar (S2,S3) |
| rectus
abdominis |
Pubic
crest and pubic symphysis |
5,
6, 7 costal cartilages, med inf costal
margin and post aspect of xiphoid |
Flexes
trunk, aids forced expiration and
raise intra-abdominal pressure |
Ant
primary rami(T7-12) |
| rectus
capitus anterior |
Lat
mass of atlas (C1) |
Basilar
occipital bone ant to occipital condyle |
Flexes
atlanto-occipital jnt |
Ant
primary rami of C1 |
| rectus
capitus lateralis |
Lat
mass of atlas(C1) |
Jugular
process of occipital bone |
Lat
flexes atlanto-occipital jnt |
Ant
primary rami of C1 |
| rectus
capitus posterior major |
Spinous
process of axis (C2) |
Lat
half of inf nuchal line |
Extends
and rotates atlanto-occipital jnt |
Suboccipital
N (post primary ramus C1) |
| rectus
capitus posterior minor |
Post
process of atlas (C1) |
Med
half of inf nuchal line |
Extends
atlanto -occipital jnt |
Suboccipital
N (post primary ramus C1) |
| rectus
femoris |
Straight
head: ant inf iliac spine. Reflected
head: ilium above acetabulum |
Quadriceps
tendon to patella , via ligamentum
patellae into tubercle of tibia |
Extends
leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip |
Post
div of femoral N (L3, 4) |
| rhomboid
major |
Spines
of T2-T5 and supraspinous ligs |
Lower
half of posteromedial border of scapula,
from angle to upper part of triangular area at base of scapular
spine |
Retracts
scapula. Rotates scapula to rest
position |
Dorsal
scapular N (C5) (from root ) |
| rhomboid
minor |
Lower
ligamentum nuchea, spines of C7 and
T1 |
Small
area of posteromedial border of scapula
at level of spine, below levator scapulae |
Retracts
scapula. Rotates lower scapula back
to rest position |
Dorsal
scapular N (C5) (from root) |
| risorius |
Deep
fascia of face and parotid |
Modiolus
and skin at angle of mouth |
Retracts
angle of mouth |
Buccal
br of facial N (VII) |
| salpingopharyngeus |
Inf
cartilage and mucosa of pharyngeal
orifice of auditory tube |
Upper
border of thyroid cartilage and inf
constrictor muscle fibres |
Elevates
pharynx and larynx and aids swallowing
. Opens auditory canal during swallowing |
Pharyngeal
br of vagus N (X) with its motor fibres from cranial accessory
N (XI) |
| sartorius |
Immediately
below ant sup iliac spine |
Upper
med surface of shaft of tibia |
Flexes,
abducts, lat rotates thigh at hip.
Flexes , med rotates leg at knee |
Ant
div of femoral N (L3, 4) |
| scalenus
anterior |
Ant
tubercles of transverse processes
of C3-6 |
Scalene
tubercle on sup aspect of 1st rib |
Accessory
to inspiration. Lat flexion of neck
when 1st rib fixed |
Ant
primary rami of C5, 6 |
| scalenus
medius |
Post
tubercles of transverse processes
of C2-7 |
Sup
aspect of neck of 1st rib |
Accessory
to inspiration |
Ant
primary rami of C3-8 |
| scalenus
minimus |
Ant
tubercle of transverse process of
C7 |
Suprapleural
membrane (Sibson's fascia) |
Supports
suprapleural membrane |
Ant
primary rami of C7 |
| scalenus
posterior |
Post
tubercles of transverse processes
C4-6 |
Post/lat
surface of 2nd rib |
Accessory
to inspiration |
Ant
primary rami of C6-8 |
| semimembranosus |
Upper
outer quadrant of post surface of
ischial tuberosity |
Med
condyle of tibia below articular
margin, fascia over popliteus and oblique popliteal lig |
Flexes
and med rotates knee. Extends hip |
Tibial
portion of sciatic N (L5, S1) |
| semitendinosus |
Upper
inner quadrant of post surface of
ischial tuberosity |
Upper
med shaft of tibia below gracilis |
Flexes
and med rotates knee. Extends hip |
Tibial
portion of sciatic N (L5, S1) |
| serratus
anterior |
Upper
eight ribs and ant intercostal membranes
from midclavicular line. Lower four interdigitating with external
oblique |
Inner
med border scapula. 1 and 2: upper
angle; 3 and 4: length of costal surface ; 5-8: inf angle |
Lat
rotates protracts scapula |
Long
thoracic N of Bell (C5, 6, 7) (from roots) slips from ribs 1
and 2: C5; 3 and 4: C6; 5-8: C7) |
| serratus
posterior inferior |
Spinous
processes and supraspinous ligs of
T11-L2 |
Post
aspect of ribs 9-12 |
Assists
forced expiration |
Ant
primary rami (T9-12) |
| serratus
posterior superior |
Spinous
processes and supraspinous ligs of
C7-T2 |
Post
aspect of ribs 2-5 |
Assists
forced inspiration |
Ant
primary rami (T2-5) |
| soleus |
Soleal
line and middle third of post border
of tibia and upper quarter of post shaft of fibula including
neck |
Tendo
calcaneus to middle of three facets
on post surface of calcaneus |
Plantar
flexes foot (aids venous return) |
Tibial
N (S1, 2) |
| sphincter
ani |
Circular
anatomical sphincter |
Deep,
superficial and subcutaneous portions |
Maintains
continence of faeces |
Inf
rectal br of pudendal N (S2, 3, 4) |
| sphincter
urethrae |
Circular
anatomical sphincter |
Fuses
with deep transverse perinei |
Maintains
continence of urine |
Perineal
br of pudendal N (S2,3,4) |
| splenius
capitis |
Lower
lig nuchae, spinous processes and
supraspinous ligs T1-3 |
Lat
occiput between sup and inf nuchal
lines |
Extends
and rotates cervical spine |
Post
primary rami of C3, 4 |
| splenius
cervicis |
Spinous
processes and supraspinous ligs of
T3-6 |
Post
tubercles of transverse processes
of C1-3 |
Extends
and rotates cervica spine |
Post
primary rami of C5, 6 |
| stapedius |
The
pyramid (post wall of middle ear) |
Neck
of stapes |
Protects
and critically damps ossicular chain |
Facial
(VII), in middle ear |
| sternocleidomastoid |
Ant
and sup manubrium and sup med third
of clavicle |
Lat
aspect of mastoid process and ant
half of sup nuchal line |
Flexes
and lat rotates cervical spine. Protracts
head when acting together . Extends neck when neck already partially
extended |
Spinal
accessory N (lat roots C1-5) |
| sternohyoid |
Sup
lat post aspect of manubrium |
Inf
border of body of hyoid bone |
Depresses
hyoid bone and hence larynx |
Ansa
cervicalis N (C1, 2, 3) |
| sternothyroid |
Med
post aspect of manubrium |
Oblique
line of lamina of thyroid cartilage |
Depresses
larynx |
Ansa
cervicalis N (C1, 2, 3) |
| styloglossus |
Ant
surface and apex of styloid process
and upper quarter of stylohyoid lig |
Superolateral
sides of tongue |
Retracts
and elevates tongue, aids intiation
of swallowing |
Hypoglossal
N (XII) |
| stylohyoid |
Base
of styloid process |
Base
of greater cornu of hyoid bone |
Elevates
and retracts hyoid bone. Aids swallowing
and elevates larynx |
Mandibular
br of facial N (VII) |
| stylopharyngeus |
Med
aspect of styloid process |
Posterolateral
border of thyroid cartilage |
Elevates
larynx and pharynx . Aids swallowing |
Muscular
br of glossopharyngeal N (IX) |
| subclavius |
Costochondral
junction of 1st rib |
Subclavian
groove on inf surface of middle third
of clavicle |
Depresses
clavicle and steadies it during shoulder
movements |
N
to subclavius (C5, 6, upper trunk) |
| subcostalis |
Int
post aspects of lower six ribs |
Int
aspects of ribs two to three levels
below |
Depresses
lower ribs |
Muscular
collateral brs of intercostal Ns |
| subscapularis |
Med
two thirds of subscapular fossa |
Lesser
tuberosity of humerus , upper med
lip of bicipital groove, capsule of shoulder jnt |
Med
rotates arm and stabilises shoulder
jnt |
Upper
and lower subscapular Ns (C6,7)(from post cord) |
| superficial
transverse perinei |
Body
of ischium |
Perineal
body |
Fixes
perineal body |
Perineal
br of pudendal N (S2, 3, 4) |
| superior
oblique |
Body
of sphenoid above tendinous ring |
Post/sup
quadrant of sclera behind equator
of eyeball |
Depresses
eye in adduction . Intorts eye in
abduction |
Trochlear
N (IV) |
| superior
rectus |
Sup
tendinous ring within orbit |
Superior
sclera ant to equator of eyeball |
Elevates
eye. Intorts eye in adduction |
Sup
div of oculomotor N (III) |
| supinator
|
Deep
part (horizontal):supinator crest
and fossa of ulna. Superficial part (downwards): lat epicondyle
and lat lig of elbow and annular lig |
Neck
and shaft of radius, between ant
and post oblique lines |
Supinates
forearm. Only acts alone when elbow
extended |
Post
interosseous N (C5, 6) |
| supraspinatus |
Med
three quarters of supraspinous fossa
of scapula, upper surface of spine (bipennate) |
Sup
facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
and capsule of shoulder jnt |
Abducts
arm and stabilizes shoulder jnt |
Suprascapular
N (C5, 6)(from upper trunk) |
| temporalis |
Temporal
fossa between inf temporal line and
infratemporal crest |
Med
and ant aspect of coronoid process
of mandible |
Elevates
mandible and post fibres retract |
Deep
temporal brs from ant div of mandibular N (Vc) |
| temporoparietalis |
Aponeurosis
above auricularis |
Galeal
aponeurosis |
Fixes
galeal aponeurosis |
Temporal
br of facial N (VII) |
| tensor
fasciae lata |
Outer
surface of ant iliac crest between
tubercle of the iliac crest and ant sup iliac spine |
Iliotibial
tract (ant surface of lat condyle of tibia) |
Maintains
knee extended (assists gluteus maximus)
and abducts hip |
Sup
gluteal N (L4, 5, S1) |
| tensor
tympani |
Cartilaginous
and bony margins of auditory tube |
Handle
of malleus (via processus trochleariformis) |
Protects
and critically damps ossicular chain |
N
to med pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular N (Vc)) |
| tensor
veli palatini |
Scaphoid
fossa and med aspect of spine of
sphenoid bone |
Palatine
aponeurosis (via pulley of pterygoid
hamulus). |
Tenses
soft palate prior to elevation |
N
to med pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular N (Vc)) |
| teres
major |
Oval
area (lower third) of lat side of
inf angle of scapula below teres minor |
Med
lip of bicipital groove of humerus |
Med
rotates and adducts arm. Stabilises
shoulder jnt |
Lower
subscapular N (C5, 6) (from post cord) |
| teres
minor |
Middle
third lat border of scapula above
teres major |
Inf
facet of greater tuberosity of humerus
(below infraspinatus) and capsule of shoulder jnt |
Lat
rotates arm and stabilises shoulder
jnt |
Axillary
N (C5, 6) (from post cord) |
| thyro-arytenoid
& vocalis |
Lower
post surface of angle between laminae
of thyroid cartilage |
Vocal
process of arytenoid cartilage |
Shortens
and relaxes vocal cords by med rotation
and protraction of arytenoid cartilage |
Recurrent
laryngeal br of vagus N (X) |
| thyro-epiglotticus |
Lower
post surface of thyroid cartilage |
Lat
border of epiglottis |
Aids
closure of additus to larynx |
Recurrent
laryngeal br of vagus N (X) |
| thyrohyoid |
Oblique
line of lamina of thyroid cartilage |
Inf
border of body of hyoid bone |
Elevates
larynx or depresses hyoid bone |
C1
fibres carried by hypoglossal N (XII) |
| tibialis
anterior |
Upper
half of lat shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane |
Inferomedial
aspect of med cuneiform and base
of 1st MT |
Extends
and inverts foot at ankle. Holds
up med longitudinal arch of foot |
Deep
peroneal N (L4, 5) |
| tibialis
posterior |
Upper
half of post shaft of tibia and upper
half of fibula between median crest and interosseous border,
and interosseous membrane |
Tuberosity
of navicular bone and all tarsal
bones (except talus ) and spring lig |
Plantar
flexes and inverts foot. Supports
med longitudinal arch of foot |
Tibial
N (L4, 5) |
| transverse
arytenoid |
Post
surface and muscular process of arytenoid
cartilage |
Corresponding
surfaces of opposite cartilage |
Adducts
arytenoid cartilage (closes rima
glottidis) |
Recurrent
laryngeal branch of vagus N (X) |
| transversospinalis
-multifidus |
Laminae
of vertebra |
Spinous
processes two to three levels above |
Extends
spine |
Post
primary rami |
| transversospinalis
-rotatores |
Transverse
processes |
Spinous
processes one above |
Rotates
spine |
Post
primary rami |
| transversospinalis
-semispinalis |
Transverse
processes |
Spinous
processes six levels above |
Extends
and lat flexes spine |
Post
primary rami |
| transversus
abdominis |
Costal
margin , lumbar fascia, ant two thirds
of iliac crest and lat half of inguinal lig |
Aponeurosis
of post and ant rectus sheath and
conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal line |
Supports
abdominal wall, aids forced expiration
and raising intraabdominal pressure. Conjoint tendon supports
post wall of inguinal canal |
Ant
primary rami(T7-12). Conjoint tendon ilioinguinal N (L1) |
| transversus
thoracis |
Lower
third of inner aspect of sternum
and lower three costosternal junctions |
Second
to sixth costal cartilages |
Depresses
upper ribs |
Muscular
collateral brs of intercostal Ns |
| trapezius |
Med
third sup nuchal line, lig nuchae,
spinous processes and supraspinous ligs to T12 |
Upper
fibres to lat third of post border
of clavicle; lower to med acromion and sup lip of spine of scapula
to deltoid tubercle |
Lat
rotates, elevates and retracts scapula.
If scapula is fixed , extends and lat flexes neck |
Spinal
accessory N (lat roots, C1-5)(spinal nerves C3 and C4 for proprioception) |
| triceps |
Long
head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
Lat head: upper half post humerus (linear origin). Med head:
lies deep on lower half post humerus inferomedial to spiral
groove and both intermuscular septa |
Post
part of upper surface of olecranon
process of ulna and post capsule |
Extends
elbow. Long head stabilises shoulder
jnt. Med head retracts capsule of elbow jnt on extension |
Radial
N (C7, 8) (from post cord ), four brs |
| vastus
intermedius |
Ant
and lat shaft of femur to one hand's
breadth above condyles |
Quafriceps
tendon to patella, via ligamentum
patellae into tubercle of tibia |
Extends
knee |
Post
div of femoral N (L3, 4) |
| vastus
lateralis |
Upper
intertrochanteric line, base of greater
trochanter, lat linea aspera, lat supracondylar ridge and lat
intermuscular septum |
Lat
quadriceps tendon to patella, via
ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia |
Extends
knee |
Post
div of femoral N (L3,4) |
| vastus
medialis |
Lower
intertrochanteric line, spiral line,
med linea aspera and med itermuscular septum |
Med
quadriceps tendon to patella and
directly into med patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle
of tibia |
Extends
knee. Stabilises patella |
Post
div of femoral N (L3,4) |
| zygomaticus
major |
Ant
surface of zygomatic bone |
Modiolus
at angle of mouth |
Elevates
and draws angle of mouth laterally |
Buccal
br of facial N (VII) |
| zygomaticus
minor |
Lat
infra-orbital margin |
Skin
and muscle of upper lip |
Elevates
and everts upper lip |
Buccal
br of facial N (VII) |
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